The Sinai Peninsula From Ancient Times to Today

Egypts Sinai Peninsula, also known as the Land of Fayrouz meaning turquoise, is a triangular formation at the northeastern end of Egypt and the southwestern end of Israel, it looks like a corkscrew-like cap at the top of the Red Sea and forms a land bridge between the Asian and African land masses. History The Sinai Peninsula has been inhabited since pre-historic  times and has always been a trade route. The peninsula has been a part of Egypt since the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt, circa 3,100 B.C., although there have been periods of foreign occupation over the past 5,000 years. Sinai was called Mafkat or country of turquoise by the ancient Egyptians, which was mined in the peninsula. In ancient times, like its surrounding regions, it has been the treadmill of evaders and conquerors, including, according to biblical legend, the Jews of Moses Exodus escaping Egypt and the ancient Roman, Byzantine and Assyrian Empires. Geography The Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez border the Sinai Peninsula to the west. Israels Negev Desert borders it to the northeast  and the Gulf of Aqaba laps at its shores to the southeast. The hot, arid, desert-dominated peninsula covers 23,500 square miles. Sinai is also one of the coldest provinces in Egypt because of its high altitudes and mountainous topographies. Winter temperatures in some of Sinais cities and towns can dip to 3 degrees Fahrenheit. Population and Tourism In 1960, the Egyptian census of Sinai listed a population of about 50,000. Currently, thanks in large part to the tourism industry, the populations is currently estimated at 1.4 million. The peninsulas bedouin population, once the majority, became the minority. Sinai has become a tourist destination due to its natural setting, rich coral reefs offshore and biblical history. Mount Sinai is one of the most religiously significant places in the Abrahamic faiths. Rich in pastel cliffs and canyons, arid valleys and startling green oases, the desert meets the sparkling sea in a long string of secluded beaches and vivid coral reefs that attract a wealth of underwater life, wrote David Shipler in 1981, The New York Times bureau chief in Jerusalem. Other popular tourist destinations are St Catherines Monastery, which is considered to be the oldest working Christian monastery in the world, and the beach resorts towns of Sharm el-Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba. Most tourists arrive at Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport, through Eilat, Israel, and the Taba Border Crossing, by road from Cairo or by ferry from Aqaba in Jordan. Recent Foreign Occupations In periods of foreign occupation, the Sinai was, like the rest of Egypt, also occupied and controlled by foreign empires, in more recent history the Ottoman Empire from 1517 to 1867  and the United Kingdom from 1882 to 1956. Israel invaded and occupied Sinai during the Suez Crisis of 1956 and during the Six-Day War of 1967. In 1973, Egypt launched the Yom Kippur War to retake the peninsula, which was the site of fierce fighting between Egyptian and Israeli forces. By 1982, as a result of the Israel–Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979, Israel had withdrawn from all of the Sinai Peninsula except the contentious territory of Taba, which Israel later returned to Egypt in 1989.

The Skin Of Reptiles Are Most Affected By Global Warming

The skin of amphibians is tremendously thin, as a result of this frogs are extremely sensitive to any subtle changes in the climate. In particular these are temperature, humidity, water quality and airborne diseases this makes them acutely vulnerable to catching these diseases and fungal infections. Unlike reptiles or birds, which have hard-shelled eggs, amphibians have jelly-like, unshelled eggs that cannot survive desiccation. Amphibians need moist climates to reproduce, and this makes them extremely sensitive to climate change. Frogs in high mountainous areas are most affected by global warming. The climate change debate always seems to focus on the potential harm that may happen in the future if we don t act now. We need to make sure†¦show more content†¦Tadpoles are very slow growing creatures and cannot begin breeding themselves until four years later. This restrictive breeding pattern makes it difficult for frogs to reproduce efficiently with many disturbances being fire, flood water, droughts and disease frequently interfering. Frogs breeding phenology is being directly affected by enhanced climate change as they are highly susceptible to rising temperatures. Most species of frogs remain inactive during the winter months and unbearable summers. Although once the temperatures increase the species surface from hibernation and immediately search for ponds and rivers to begin breeding. Females only breed once a year, and the process from a tadpole to a frog can take anywhere between 20 days and 2 years depending on the species of the frog and the surrounding conditions. If the conditions are not right, metamorphosis can be held back until the conditions are correct. However if these conditions are never improved a tadpole can be stopped from developing any further. With the effects from enhanced global warming, the conditions occurring are becoming less and less to the suitable frogs, and there are less ‘good’ breeding season occurring every year as a result of the transforming climate. As a result of this the numbers of frogs in our ecosystems are rapidly decreasing. BREEDING HABITAT As frogs are they rely heavily on lakes, ponds and other bodies of water to

Evil in the Works of Melville and Emerson Essay - 1736 Words

Evil in the Works of Melville and Emerson Herman Melville, like all other American writers of the mid and late nineteenth century, was forced to reckon with the thoughts and writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emerson celebrated the untapped sources of beauty, strength, and nobility hidden within each individual. Where Emerson was inclined to see each human soul as a beacon of light, however, Melville saw fit to describe and define the darkness, the bitter and harsh world of reality that could dim, diffuse, and even extinguish light. Each man wrote about life in specific terms, while pointing toward human nature in general. The problem of evil paradoxically separates and unites both authors. Emerson looked inward and Melville†¦show more content†¦In the realm of the soul, distinctions between the sublime and the mundane, the divine and the human, cause and effect, become blurred and disappear (Emerson 294). Emerson promoted the existence of an all encompassing Oversoul which manifested itself in each living being, rath er than a dogmatic conception of God. The inner strength of self-reliance found its source in the Oversoul. Exploration of the soul was a revelation of truth to Emerson. He tried to combat evil by articulating the necessity of the Oversoul to human happiness. As our knowledge of the Oversoul expands and we cultivate our inner life, goodness will eventually displace evil (Braswell 29). Melville stopped well short of this optimistic conclusion. While not categorically denying the existence of a spiritual and solacing soul, Melville notes especially the prevailing bitterness and cruelty of life. Most people existed in a world of darkness; Melvilles fiction reflects this. Ahabs struggle does not take place solely within his tortured mind. 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Acid Rain Essay Conclusion Example For Students

Acid Rain Essay Conclusion Acid rain is a serious problem with disastrous effects. Each daythis serious problem increases, many people believe that this issueis too small to deal with right now this issue should be met headon and solved before it is too late. In the following paragraphs Iwill be discussing the impact has on the wildlife and how ouratmosphere is being destroyed by acid rain. CAUSES Acid rain is a cancer eating into the face of Eastern Canada andthe North Eastern United States. In Canada, the main sulphuric acidsources are non(c)ferrous smelters and power generation. On bothsides of the border, cars and trucks are the main sources fornitric acid(about 40% of the total), while power generating plantsand industrial commercial and residential fuel combustion togethercontribute most of the rest. In the air, the sulphur dioxide andnitrogen oxides can be transformed into sulphuric acid and nitricacid, and air current can send them thousands of kilometres fromthe source.When the acids fall to the earth in any form it willhave large impact on the growth or the preservation of certainwildlife. NO DEFENCEAreas in Ontario mainly southern regions that are near the GreatLakes, such substances as limestone or other known antacids canneutralize acids entering the body of water thereby protecting it.However, large areas of Ontario that are near the Pre(c)CambrianShield, with quartzite or granite based geology and little topsoil, there is not enough buffering capacity to neutralize evensmall amounts of acid falling on the soil and the lakes. Thereforeover time, the basic environment shifts from an alkaline to aacidic one. This is why many lakes in the Muskoka,Haliburton, Algonquin, Parry Sound and Manitoulin districts couldlose their fisheries if sulphur emissions are not reducedsubstantially. ACID The average mean of pH rainfall in Ontarios Muskoka(c)Haliburtonlake country ranges between 3.95 and 4.38 about 40 times moreacidic than normal rainfall, while storms in Pennsilvania haverainfall pH at 2.8 it almost has the same rating for vinegar. Already 140 Ontario lakes are completely dead or dying. Anadditional 48 000 are sensitive and vulnerable to acid rain dueto the surrounding concentrated acidic soils. ACID RAIN CONSISTS OF.?Canada does not have as many people, power plants or automobiles asthe United States, and yet acid rain there has become so severethat Canadian government officials called it the most pressingenvironmental issue facing the nation. But it is important to bearin mind that acid rain is only one segment, of the widespreadpollution of the atmosphere facing the world. Each year the globalatmosphere is on the receiving end of 20 billion tons of carbondioxide, 130 million tons of suffer dioxide, 97 million tons ofhydrocarbons, 53 million tons of nitrogen oxides, more than threemillion tons of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc andother toxic metals, and a host of synthetic organic compoundsranging from polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) to toxaphene and otherpesticides, a number of which may be capable of causing cancer,birth defects, or genetic imbalances. COST OF ACID RAINInteractions of pollutants can cause problems. In addition tocontributing to acid rain, nitrogen oxides can react withhydrocarbons to produce ozone, a major air pollutant responsible inthe United States for annual losses of $2 billion to 4.5 billionworth of wheat, corn, soyabeans, and peanuts. A wide range ofinteractions can occur many unknown with toxic metals. In Canada, Ontario alone has lost the fish in an estimated 4000lakes and provincial authorities calculate that Ontario stands tolose the fish in 48 500 more lakes within the next twenty years ifacid rain continues at the present rate.Ontario is not alone, onNova Scotias Eastern most shores, almost every river flowing tothe Atlantic Ocean is poisoned with acid. Further threatening a $2million a year fishing industry. .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c , .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .postImageUrl , .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c , .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c:hover , .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c:visited , .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c:active { border:0!important; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c:active , .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue7783e42eea97511571facdf4b8f0d8c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason EssayAcid rain is killing more than lakes. It can scar the leaves ofhardwood forest, wither ferns and lichens, accelerate the death ofconiferous needles, sterilize seeds, and weaken the forests to astate that is vulnerable to disease infestation and decay. In thesoil the acid neutralizes chemicals vital for growth, strips othersfrom the soil and carries them to the lakes and literally retardsthe respiration of the soil. The rate of forest growth in the WhiteMountains of New Hampshire has declined 18% between 1956 and 1965,time of increasingly intense acidic rainfall.Acid rain no longer falls exclusively on the lakes, forest, andthin soils of the Northeast it now covers half